August 9
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August 9 is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 144 days remaining.
[edit] Events
- 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.
- 378 - Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople - A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths in present-day Turkey. Valens is killed along with ⅔ of his army.
- 681 - Bulgaria is founded as a Khanate on the south bank of the Danube, after defeating the Byzantine armies of Emperor Constantine IV south of the Danube delta.
- 1048 - Pope Damasus II dies in Rome, after reigning for only 23 days.
- 1173 - Construction of the Tower of Pisa begins, and it takes two centuries to complete.
- 1483 - Opening of the Sistine Chapel
- 1810 - Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire.
- 1842 - Webster-Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United States-Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain - At Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Confederate General Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union forces under General John Pope.
- 1877 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army.
- 1892 - Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
- 1902 - Edward VII is crowned king of the United Kingdom.
- 1930 - Betty Boop premiered in her first cartoon, Dizzy Dishes.
- 1936 - Summer Olympic Games: Games of the XI Olympiad: Jesse Owens wins his fourth gold medal at the games becoming the first American to win four medals in one Olympic Games.
- 1942 - Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces, launching the Quit India Movement.
- 1942 - World War II: Battle of Savo Island - Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.
- 1944 - The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time.
- 1945 - World War II: Nagasaki is devastated when an atomic bomb, "Fat Man", is dropped by the United States B-29 Bockscar. Around 70,000 people were killed instantly.
- 1965 - Singapore seceded from Malaysia and gained independence.
- 1965 - Space disasters: A fire at a Titan missile base near Little Rock, Arkansas kills 53 construction workers.
- 1969 - Members of a cult led by Charles Manson brutally murder pregnant actress Sharon Tate, coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylist Jay Sebring, and recent high-school graduate Steven Parent at 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles.
- 1974 - As a direct result of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office. His Vice President, Gerald Ford, becomes president.
- 1983 - Peter Jennings hosts his first broadcast of ABC's World News Tonight as sole anchor.
- 1986 - The Headington Shark is erected in Oxford.
- 1986 - Knebworth Park, Stevenage, UK sees the final live performance of rock band Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury.
- 1987 - 9 people are shot dead and 17 more injured as 19-year old Julian Knight opens fire at random in the Hoddle Street Massacre in Clifton Hill
- 1988 - Baseball's all-day-game era officially came to an end when the Cubs beat the Mets 6-4 in Wrigley Field's first night game.
- 1993 - The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan loses a 38-year hold on national leadership.
- 1993 - King Albert II of Belgium is sworn into office.
- 1999 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister, Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.
- 1999 - The Diet of Japan enacts a law establishing the Hinomaru and Kimi Ga Yo as the official national flag and national anthem.
- 2001 - US President George W. Bush announces his support for federal funding of limited research on embryonic stem cells.
- 2001 - In Jerusalem, 15 people die and 130 are wounded in the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing.
- 2005 - A chemical plant explosion happened at the EQ Recovery Plant in Romulus, Michigan, forcing residence within 1 to 1⅓ mile radius from the plant to evacuate.
[edit] Births
- 1201 - Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English chronicler (d. 1274)
- 1593 - Izaak Walton, English angler (d. 1683)
- 1631 - John Dryden, English Poet Laureate (d. 1700)
- 1648 - Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)
- 1653 - John Oldham, English poet (d. 1683)
- 1674 - František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (d. 1766)
- 1722 - Augustus William, Prince of Prussia (d. 1758)
- 1726 - Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (d. 1778)
- 1757 - Thomas Telford, Scottish civil engineer (d. 1834)
- 1776 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d. 1856)
- 1797 - Charles Robert Malden, British. naval officer (d. 1855)
- 1805 - Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer (d. 1860)
- 1809 - William Barret Travis, commander at Battle of the Alamo
- 1845 - André Besette, Canadian religious figure (d. 1937)
- 1847 - Maria Victoria al Pozzo della Cisterna, queen consort of Spain (d. 1876)
- 1871 - Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (d. 1919)
- 1872 - Archduke Joseph August of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. 1962)
- 1874 - Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan composer and conductor (d. 1947)
- 1896 - Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (d. 1980)
- 1896 - Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934)
- 1896 - Erich Hückel, German physicist (d. 1980)
- 1899 - P. L. Travers, Australian author (d. 1996)
- 1901 - Charles Farrell, American actor (d. 1990)
- 1902 - Zino Francescatti, French violinist (d. 1991)
- 1909 - Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat opposing the Nazi regime (executed) (d. 1944)
- 1911 - William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1996)
- 1914 - Tove Jansson, Finnish author, the creator of the Moomins (d. 2001)
- 1914 - Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (d. 1963)
- 1919 - Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1987)
- 1919 - Ralph Houk, American baseball player and manager
- 1920 - Enzo Biagi, Italian journalist and writer
- 1921 - J. James Exon, American politician, 36th Governor of Nebraska & United States Senator from Nebraska
- 1921 - Ernest Angley, televangelist
- 1922 - Philip Larkin, English poet (d. 1985)
- 1925 - David A. Huffman, creator of Huffman coding (d. 1999)
- 1927 - Daniel Keyes, American author
- 1927 - Robert Shaw, English actor (d. 1978)
- 1928 - Bob Cousy, American. basketball player
- 1931 - Mário Zagallo, Brazilian football coach and player
- 1931 - Chuck Essegian, American baseball player
- 1933 - Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Japanese television personality and children's author
- 1936 - Julián Javier, American baseball player
- 1936 - Patrick Tse Yin, Hong Kong film director
- 1938 - Leonid Kuchma, Ukrainian politician
- 1938 - Rod Laver, Australian tennis player
- 1939 - Romano Prodi, Prime Minister of Italy, former President of the European Commission
- 1939 - Brito, Brazilian footballer
- 1940 - Beverlee McKinsey, American actress
- 1942 - Tommie Agee, American baseball player (d. 2001)
- 1943 - Ken Norton, American boxer
- 1944 - Sam Elliott, American actor
- 1945 - Posy Simmonds, English cartoonist
- 1946 - Jim Kiick, American football player
- 1948 - Bill Campbell, baseball player
- 1949 - Jonathan Kellerman, American writer
- 1952 - Prateep Ungsongtham Hata, Thai politician
- 1957 - Melanie Griffith, American actress
- 1959 - Kurtis Blow, American rapper
- 1959 - Stuart Hughes, Canadian actor
- 1961 - Brad Gilbert, American tennis player
- 1961 - John Key, Leader of the New Zealand National Party
- 1961 - Amy Stiller, American actress
- 1962 - Kevin Mack, American football player
- 1962 - Louis Lipps, American football player
- 1963 - Whitney Houston, American diva and actress
- 1964 - Brett Hull, Canadian-born hockey player
- 1967 - Deion Sanders, American football player
- 1968 - Gillian Anderson, American actress
- 1968 - Eric Bana, Australian actor
- 1968 - Karyn Parsons, American actress
- 1968 - Sam Fogarino,drummer for New York City-based band Interpol
- 1969 - Troy Percival, baseball player
- 1970 - Rod Brind'Amour, hockey player
- 1970 - Chris Cuomo, American TV journalist
- 1970 - Thomas Lennon, American actor
- 1970 - Arion Salazar, American musician (Third Eye Blind)
- 1971 - Davide Rebellin, Italian cyclist
- 1971 - Mack 10, American rapper
- 1971 - James Kim, technology reporter (d. 2006)
- 1972 - Juanes, Colombian singer
- 1972 - A-Mei, Taiwanese singer
- 1973 - Kevin McKidd, Scottish actor
- 1973 - Filippo Inzaghi, Italian footballer
- 1974 - Mahesh Babu, Indian film actor
- 1974 - Matt Morris, baseball player
- 1975 - Robbie Middleby, Australian soccer player
- 1976 - Jessica Capshaw, American actress
- 1976 - Rhona Mitra, English actress
- 1977 - Chamique Holdsclaw, American basketball player
- 1977 - Mikael Silvestre, French footballer
- 1977 - Adewale Ogunleye, American football player
- 1977 - Jason Frasor, American baseball player
- 1978 - Audrey Tautou, French actress
- 1978 - Michael Scofield, Fox River Eight Fugitive
- 1980 - Ryu Seung-beom, South Korean actor
- 1982 - Danieal Manning, American football player
- 1983 - Ashley Johnson, American actress
- 1985 - Hayley Peirsol, American swimmer
- 1985 - Luca Filippi, Italian racing driver
- 1985 - JaMarcus Russell, American football player
- 1989 - Stefano Okaka Chuka, Italian footballer
- 1990 - Adelaide Kane, Australian actress
[edit] Deaths
- 117 - Trajan, Roman Emperor (b. 53)
- 378 - Valens, Roman Emperor (killed in battle) (b. 328)
- 803 - Byzantine Empress Irene
- 1107 - Emperor Horikawa of Japan (b. 1079)
- 1173 - Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Saladin
- 1250 - King Eric IV of Denmark (b. 1216)
- 1534 - Cardinal Cajetan, Italian theologian (b. 1470)
- 1601 - Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1558)
- 1634 - William Noy, English jurist (b. 1577)
- 1720 - Simon Ockley, English orientalist (b. 1678)
- 1744 - James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English patron of the arts (b. 1673)
- 1816 - Johann August Apel, German jurist and writer (b. 1771)
- 1837 - Xavier Sigalon, French painter (b. 1787)
- 1886 - Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet and artist (b. 1810)
- 1919 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857)
- 1942 - Edith Stein, (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) (executed) (b. 1891)
- 1945 - Harry Hillman, American athlete (b. 1881)
- 1945 - Robert Hampton Gray, last Canadian Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1917)
- 1957 - Carl Clauberg, Nazi doctor (b. 1898)
- 1962 - Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1877)
- 1967 - Joe Orton, English writer (b. 1933)
- 1969 - Abigail Folger, American heiress (murdered) (b. 1943)
- 1969 - Wojciech Frykowski, Polish writer (murdered) (b. 1936)
- 1969 - Cecil Frank Powell, British physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1903)
- 1969 - Jay Sebring, American hair stylist (murdered) (b. 1933)
- 1969 - Sharon Tate, American actress (murdered) (b. 1943)
- 1969 - Steven Parent, American student (murdered) (b. 1951)
- 1975 - Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (b. 1906)
- 1979 - Walter O'Malley, baseball executive (b. 1903)
- 1985 - Clive Churchill, Australian rugby league player (b. 1927)
- 1988 - Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (b. 1905)
- 1995 - Jerry Garcia, American musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1942)
- 1996 - Sir Frank Whittle, invented the jet engine (b. 1907)
- 1999 - Fouad Serageddin, Egyptian politician (b. 1910)
- 2000 - John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Paul Samson, British guitarist (Samson) (b. 1953)
- 2002 - Peter Neville, anarchist, sociologist, and peace activist
- 2003 - Ray Harford, English footballer and manager (b. 1945)
- 2003 - Gregory Hines, American actor and dancer (b. 1946)
- 2005 - Matthew McGrory, American actor (b. 1973)
- 2005 - Judith Rossner, American novelist (b. 1935)
- 2006 - James van Allen, American physicist (b. 1914)
- 2006 - Philip E. High, science fiction author (b. 1914)
[edit] Holidays and observances
- Singapore: National Day
- National Women's Day in South Africa
[edit] Liturgical feasts
- Feast day of the great martyr Saint Panteleimon in Russian Orthodox Church
Roman Catholicism
- Saint Auctor, bishop of Metz [Metz]
- Saint Domitian,bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne), confessor [Châlons-sur-Marne]
- Saint Fedlimin/Felimy, bishop of Kilmore
- Saint Firmus and Saint Rusticus
- Saint Herneus, abbot, confessor [Le Mans]
- Saint Jean Vianney
- Saint Lawrence (Vigil) [common]
- Saint Maurilius
- Saint Nathy (David), bishop of Achonry
- Saint Romanus, martyr [common] (Romanus Ostiarius, died 258)
- Saint Secundianus and companions, martyrs [Meaux]
- Blessed Ceferino Jimenez Malla
- St. Edith Stein, died 1942
[edit] External links
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